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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
Published on: October 28, 2022
French translation and validation of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool, an instrument for measuring functional
A Geerinck1, C Beaudart1, Q Salvan2
1World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Public Health aspects of musculoskeletal health and ageing, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Background:
Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries, and can lead to chronic ankle instability (CAI). The Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) measures a subset of CAI, functional ankle instability (FAI). Because no French version existed, we set out to translate and validate the CAIT in French.
Methods:
The CAIT was translated using a forward-backward methodology. We examined its psychometric properties and calculated a cut-off score for FAI in a sample of 102 subjects (median age 22 years).
Results:
The CAIT was translated without significant problems. The CAIT-F can discriminate between those with and without FAI (p < 0.001), with a cut-off score of ≤ 23 points. The test-retest reliability is excellent (ICC = 0.960), as is the internal consistency (α = 0.885). Construct validity was confirmed. No floor or ceiling effects were detected among subjects with FAI.
Conclusions:
The CAIT is now available in French, and is a valid and reliable instrument.
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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...

