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Parathyroid Neoplasms: Immunohistochemical Characterization and Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Expression
Qiqi Yu1, Heather Hardin1, Ying-Hsia Chu1
1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
Endocrine Pathology
|May 24, 2019
Summary
Parathyroid hormone and chromogranin A are reliable markers for parathyroid tumors. Long non-coding RNA ROR is downregulated in parathyroid cancer, suggesting a tumor suppressor role in progression.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Parathyroid adenomas, atypical adenomas, and carcinomas present diagnostic challenges due to overlapping features.
- Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in gene regulation and carcinogenesis.
- Understanding parathyroid tumor biology requires identifying reliable diagnostic markers and key molecular players.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify optimal immunohistochemical markers for parathyroid lesions.
- To investigate the role of specific lncRNAs (MALAT1, HOTAIR, ROR) in parathyroid tumor progression.
- To correlate lncRNA expression with tumor type and grade.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 111 parathyroid tissue samples (normal, hyperplasia, adenomas, atypical adenomas, carcinomas) using tissue microarrays.
- Immunohistochemistry for chromogranin A, synaptophysin, parathyroid hormone, and INSM1.
- In situ hybridization and RT-PCR to assess expression of lncRNAs MALAT1, HOTAIR, and ROR.
Main Results:
- Parathyroid hormone and chromogranin A showed high positivity in parathyroid tissues (98%).
- Synaptophysin and INSM1 were found to be insensitive markers for parathyroid neoplasms.
- Long intergenic non-protein coding regulator of reprogramming (Linc-ROR) was significantly downregulated in parathyroid carcinomas compared to normal and hyperplastic tissues.
Conclusions:
- Parathyroid hormone and chromogranin A are valuable immunohistochemical markers for diagnosing parathyroid neoplasms.
- Synaptophysin and INSM1 are not recommended as broad-spectrum markers for these tumors.
- Linc-ROR may act as a tumor suppressor, with its downregulation indicating parathyroid tumor progression.
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