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Related Concept Videos

Personal Identity01:25

Personal Identity

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Personal identity is the deeply felt sense of self that individuals cultivate over time, intricately woven from intrinsic qualities they consider essential to their existence—qualities such as morality, intelligence, and friendliness. These attributes serve as vital internal benchmarks, guiding individuals in evaluating whether their actions resonate with their true selves.When personal identity takes center stage in one's life, individuals often emphasize their distinctiveness,...
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The psychodynamic perspective in psychology asserts that most personality functions operate unconsciously, outside of awareness. This means that the motives and emotions driving behavior often remain hidden, automatically buried in the unconscious mind as a defense mechanism to shield us from psychological distress. According to this theory, the unconscious mind contains thoughts, memories, and emotions that are too disturbing to face directly.
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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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Antisocial Personality Disorder01:24

Antisocial Personality Disorder

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Antisocial personality disorder is a chronic mental health condition characterized by persistent patterns of disregard for the rights and well-being of others. Individuals with antisocial personality disorder exhibit behaviors that include deceitfulness, impulsivity, irresponsibility, aggression, and a profound lack of empathy. These traits often manifest early in life and persist into adulthood, leading to significant personal, social, and legal consequences.
Behavioral Characteristics and...
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Borderline Personality Disorder01:25

Borderline Personality Disorder

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Borderline Personality Disorder is a complex and multifaceted mental health condition characterized by pervasive instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, emotions, and impulse control. This instability manifests in extreme emotional reactions, fear of abandonment, and self-destructive behaviors. The disorder significantly impacts daily functioning, often leading to distress in both personal and professional domains.
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Implicit Personality Theories

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Implicit personality theory explains how individuals make assumptions about the relationships between personality traits, behaviors, and character types. When people learn that someone possesses a particular trait, they tend to infer the presence of other related characteristics, forming a cohesive impression. This cognitive shortcut plays a crucial role in social interactions and interpersonal judgments.Central Traits and Their InfluenceSolomon Asch's seminal 1946 study highlighted the power...
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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Extraction of Aqueous Metabolites from Cultured Adherent Cells for Metabolomic Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
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Personalized Metabolomics.

David P Marciano1, Michael P Snyder2

  • 1Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|May 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details sample preparation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods for analyzing human plasma and urine metabolites. These techniques are crucial for identifying health and disease biomarkers in large-scale studies.

Keywords:
HILICLC-MSLiquid chromatography-mass spectrometryMetabolitesPersonalized metabolomicsPlasmaReverse phaseUrine

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • The human metabolome reflects health, disease, and responses to treatments.
  • Metabolite profiling in biofluids can identify biomarkers for personalized medicine.
  • High-throughput methods are needed for large cohort and longitudinal studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review sample preparation and analytical methods for human metabolomics.
  • To focus on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques.
  • To cover metabolite measurement in human plasma and urine.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed review of sample preparation techniques for plasma and urine.
  • In-depth analysis of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methodologies.
  • Discussion of methods for measuring diverse metabolites.

Main Results:

  • Comprehensive overview of established LC-MS protocols.
  • Highlighting techniques suitable for broad chemical diversity.
  • Addressing challenges in high-throughput metabolomic profiling.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized sample preparation and LC-MS are vital for metabolomic studies.
  • These methods enable biomarker discovery and patient stratification.
  • The review provides a foundation for large-scale human metabolomic research.