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Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome in Brazilian Children
Maria Carolina Marquezan1, Heloisa Nascimento1, Daniele Dalbem1
1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Insights
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome in Brazilian children presents with chronic disease and ocular findings like abnormal fundus pigmentation. Early diagnosis and attention are crucial as VKH can be sight-threatening.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatric Medicine
- Autoimmune Diseases
Background:
- Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome is a rare systemic autoimmune disorder affecting the eyes.
- Ocular manifestations can lead to significant vision loss if not managed promptly.
- VKH syndrome in pediatric populations is infrequently reported, necessitating further characterization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the clinical characteristics and ocular findings of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome in a cohort of Brazilian children.
- To assess the visual outcomes and long-term sequelae in pediatric patients diagnosed with VKH syndrome.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of clinical data from six pediatric patients diagnosed with VKH syndrome.
- Data collected from medical records between March 2014 and June 2018 at a tertiary care center in Brazil.
- Evaluation of ocular findings, disease chronicity, and final visual acuity.
Main Results:
- Six children, aged 5-8 years, were diagnosed with VKH syndrome, all presenting with chronic disease.
- Common ocular findings included abnormal fundus pigmentation (5/6 patients) and band keratopathy (4/6 patients).
- Two patients developed glaucoma, cataract, and subretinal neovascularization; 50% of eyes had final visual acuity <20/40.
Conclusions:
- VKH syndrome in Brazilian children can present with chronic disease and significant ocular complications.
- While visual outcomes were favorable in half of the patients, VKH syndrome remains a sight-threatening condition in pediatric cases.
- VKH syndrome requires vigilant diagnostic consideration in children due to its potential for severe vision impairment.
Abstract:
Purpose To evaluate the characteristics of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome in Brazilian children.Methods Clinical data were obtained from the medical records of six children with VKH disease from March 2014 to June 2018 at the Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.Results Six patients met the diagnostic criteria for VKH. The patients, who ranged in age from 5 to 8 years, all presented with chronic disease. The most common ocular finding was abnormal fundus pigmentation in five patients followed by band keratopathy in four. Two patients had glaucoma, cataract, and subretinal neovascularization. The final visual acuity was less than 20/40 in 50% of the eyes.Conclusion Visual outcomes were favorable in half of patients depending on the long-term sequelae. VKH is rarely reported in children and it may be sight-threatening, and requires careful attention, being an important differential diagnosis.
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