Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 24, 2026
04:16
Whole Body Vibration Methods with Survivors of Polio
Published on: October 17, 2018
9.2K
Progress Toward Polio Eradication - Worldwide, January 2017-March 2019
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
|May 24, 2019
Summary
Wild poliovirus cases persist in Afghanistan and Pakistan, with a concerning rise in early 2019. Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks also pose a threat, requiring intensified efforts for polio eradication.
Area of Science:
- Global health
- Infectious disease epidemiology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission is interrupted globally, except in Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Pakistan.
- WPV type 2 (WPV2) was eradicated in 2015, and WPV type 3 has not been detected since 2012.
- A global switch from trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) to bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV) occurred in April 2016.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report global progress in poliomyelitis eradication from January 1, 2017, to March 31, 2019.
- To highlight ongoing challenges and necessary strategies for achieving global polio eradication.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of reported wild poliovirus and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus cases.
- Review of progress and challenges in supplemental immunization activities (SIAs) and surveillance performance.
Main Results:
- Afghanistan and Pakistan reported a low of 22 WPV cases in 2017, but cases increased to 33 in 2018.
- WPV1 cases in early 2019 showed an increase compared to the same period in 2018.
- 210 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) cases were reported in eight countries between 2017 and early 2019.
Conclusions:
- Achieving polio eradication requires innovative vaccination efforts and enhanced cross-border coordination between Afghanistan and Pakistan.
- Intensified programmatic improvements are crucial for effective cVDPV outbreak response and prevention of future outbreaks.
Related Concept Videos
01:13SI Units: 2019 Redefinition
3.4K
Measurement is an indispensable part of analytical chemistry. The result of measurement helps quantify a substance's physical property and compare it with the physical property of another substance. Each measurement comprises two components - a number indicating the magnitude and a unit of measurement as a standard for comparison. Further, the same quantity can be measured using different units of measurement, which leads to differences in magnitude.
A standard set of units has been defined...
A standard set of units has been defined...
3.4K
02:07Tumor Progression
7.3K
Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
7.3K
03:03mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
4.7K
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
The mTOR pathway or the...
4.7K
02:26Protein Networks
4.5K
An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
4.5K
02:55The Nucleolus
10.3K
The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
10.3K
02:53Reaction Rate
62.5K
The rate of reaction is the change in the amount of a reactant or product per unit time. Reaction rates are therefore determined by measuring the time dependence of some property that can be related to reactant or product amounts. Rates of reactions that consume or produce gaseous substances, for example, are conveniently determined by measuring changes in volume or pressure.
The mathematical representation of the change in the concentration of reactants and products, over time, is the rate...
The mathematical representation of the change in the concentration of reactants and products, over time, is the rate...
62.5K