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Published on: September 19, 2019
Changes in Child Nutrition in India: A Decomposition Approach
Peng Nie1, Anu Rammohan2, Wencke Gwozdz3,4
1School of Economics and Finance, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China. Peng_Nie@uni-hohenheim.de.
Child malnutrition in India significantly decreased due to household wealth and maternal factors. Improvements in stunting and underweight were observed, highlighting the impact of socio-economic conditions on child nutrition.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Development Economics
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Child health is a key indicator for UN Sustainable Development Goals.
- Despite economic growth, Indian children face poor nutritional outcomes.
- Analysis focuses on children aged 0-5 years in India.
Purpose of the Study:
- Analyze demographic and socio-economic factors influencing child nutritional status changes.
- Quantify the contribution of household conditions to stunting, underweight, and Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF).
- Examine changes between 2004-2005 and 2011-2012 using Indian Human Development Survey data.
Main Methods:
- Employed linear and non-linear decomposition techniques.
- Utilized unconditional quantile regression.
- Analyzed data from the 2004-2005 and 2011-2012 Indian Human Development Surveys.
Main Results:
- Stunting and underweight incidence decreased by 7% and 6% respectively.
- Improvements were most notable in Central and Western India.
- Household economic status, maternal BMI, and education significantly impacted child nutrition and CIAF.
Conclusions:
- Household wealth is the primary driver of improved child nutrition.
- Maternal education and autonomy also play important roles in reducing undernutrition.
- While maternal autonomy showed a positive association, its contribution was less significant than wealth and education.
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