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Behavioral Health Service Utilization Among Detained Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis of Prevalence and Potential
Laura M White1, Matthew C Aalsma2, Michelle P Salyers3
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Summary
Adolescents in the juvenile justice system show low utilization of behavioral health services. This meta-analysis highlights the need for improved access and quality of care for these vulnerable youth.
Area of Science:
- Adolescent Health
- Mental Health Services Research
- Juvenile Justice System
Background:
- Understanding behavioral health service utilization among justice-involved adolescents is critical but remains poorly defined.
- Existing studies report widely varying estimates for service use in this population.
- This meta-analysis synthesizes current literature to provide a clearer picture of prevalence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and synthesize the literature on the prevalence of behavioral health treatment service utilization.
- To estimate the overall utilization rates for mental health, substance use, and unspecified services.
- To identify potential moderators influencing service utilization.
Main Methods:
- A meta-analysis was performed on data abstracted from 27 studies encompassing 28 distinct samples.
- Prevalence estimates for service utilization were calculated using random effects models.
- Moderator analysis was conducted to explore heterogeneity in utilization rates.
Main Results:
- Overall prevalence of behavioral health service utilization was low, with specific rates for mental health (33.1%), substance use (27.95%), and unspecified services (45.32%).
- Significant heterogeneity was observed in the prevalence of behavioral health service utilization across studies.
- Effect sizes indicate limited engagement with available services.
Conclusions:
- Adolescents with juvenile justice involvement demonstrate limited utilization of behavioral health services, regardless of confinement status.
- Future research should investigate the quality and accessibility of services within and beyond juvenile justice facilities.
- There is a clear need for enhanced programs to ensure consistent and effective behavioral health treatment for this population.
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