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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

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IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
501
Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management01:19

Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management

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The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
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Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

471
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
471
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

548
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
548

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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Fully Endoscopic Mitral Valve Repair with Percutaneous Cannulation of Groin Vessels
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Mitral Valve Pathology.

Gregory A Fishbein1, Michael C Fishbein2

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, CHS 13-145, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. gfishbein@mednet.ucla.edu.

Current Cardiology Reports
|May 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details various causes of mitral valve structural abnormalities, impacting stenosis or regurgitation. Understanding these conditions is crucial for selecting effective treatments, including surgical and percutaneous interventions.

Keywords:
EndocarditisFloppy valve diseaseMitral regurgitationMitral stenosisMitral valveMitral valve prolapseMyxoid degenerationMyxomatous degenerationRheumatic heart diseaseValve repair

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Surgery
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Mitral valve disease encompasses structural abnormalities affecting its components.
  • These abnormalities can lead to valvular stenosis, regurgitation, or combined pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diverse pathologic entities causing mitral valve structural abnormalities.
  • To correlate specific abnormalities with mitral apparatus components.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding these pathologies for treatment selection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathologic entities affecting the mitral valve.
  • Analysis of structural components involved: atrial wall, annulus, leaflets, chordae, papillary muscles, and left ventricular free wall.

Main Results:

  • Identified numerous pathologic entities causing mitral valve structural abnormalities.
  • Detailed how different pathologies affect specific mitral apparatus components.
  • Confirmed that these abnormalities result in valvular stenosis, regurgitation, or both.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the spectrum of mitral valve structural abnormalities is essential for managing valvular heart disease.
  • Knowledge of specific pathologies guides the choice between traditional open-chest surgery and less invasive percutaneous interventions.
  • Optimal therapeutic strategies for mitral valve disease depend on accurate diagnosis of underlying structural defects.