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Mitral Valve Pathology

Gregory A Fishbein1, Michael C Fishbein2

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, CHS 13-145, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. gfishbein@mednet.ucla.edu.

Current Cardiology Reports
|May 25, 2019
PubMed

Insights

This review details various causes of mitral valve structural abnormalities, impacting stenosis or regurgitation. Understanding these conditions is crucial for selecting effective treatments, including surgical and percutaneous interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Surgery
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Mitral valve disease encompasses structural abnormalities affecting its components.
  • These abnormalities can lead to valvular stenosis, regurgitation, or combined pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diverse pathologic entities causing mitral valve structural abnormalities.
  • To correlate specific abnormalities with mitral apparatus components.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding these pathologies for treatment selection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathologic entities affecting the mitral valve.
  • Analysis of structural components involved: atrial wall, annulus, leaflets, chordae, papillary muscles, and left ventricular free wall.

Main Results:

  • Identified numerous pathologic entities causing mitral valve structural abnormalities.
  • Detailed how different pathologies affect specific mitral apparatus components.
  • Confirmed that these abnormalities result in valvular stenosis, regurgitation, or both.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the spectrum of mitral valve structural abnormalities is essential for managing valvular heart disease.
  • Knowledge of specific pathologies guides the choice between traditional open-chest surgery and less invasive percutaneous interventions.
  • Optimal therapeutic strategies for mitral valve disease depend on accurate diagnosis of underlying structural defects.
Abstract

Keywords:
EndocarditisFloppy valve diseaseMitral regurgitationMitral stenosisMitral valveMitral valve prolapseMyxoid degenerationMyxomatous degenerationRheumatic heart diseaseValve repair

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