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Does executive function capacity moderate the outcome of executive function training in children with ADHD?
Sebastiaan Dovis1,2, Marija Maric1,2, Pier J M Prins1,2
1Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1001 NK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders
|May 25, 2019
Summary
Executive functioning (EF) training for children with ADHD shows limited results, even for those with poor EF capacity. This study found no evidence that pre-training EF ability influences the effectiveness of EF interventions for ADHD symptoms.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Executive functioning (EF) training interventions for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms have yielded limited success.
- It is hypothesized that EF training may be more effective for children with lower baseline EF capacity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if pre-training executive functioning capacity moderates the effectiveness of EF training on near transfer (EF performance) and far transfer (ADHD symptoms, parent-rated EF behavior).
- To assess outcomes immediately post-treatment and at a 3-month follow-up.
Main Methods:
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 61 children with ADHD (aged 8-12).
- Participants were randomized to either an EF-training group (working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility) or a placebo group.
- Moderation models were employed to analyze the data.
Main Results:
- All identified moderation outcomes demonstrated small effect sizes.
- Following Bonferroni correction, no significant moderators of treatment outcome were found.
- Children with poorer EF capacity did not exhibit greater benefits from EF training compared to placebo training.
Conclusions:
- Pre-training executive functioning capacity does not appear to moderate the outcomes of EF training interventions in children with ADHD.
- Targeting only children with EF impairments is unlikely to significantly improve the success rates of EF training studies.
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