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Enthalpy changes are typically tabulated for reactions in which both the reactants and products are at the same conditions. A standard state is a commonly accepted set of conditions used as a reference point for the determination of properties under other different conditions. For chemists, the IUPAC standard state refers to materials under a pressure of 1 bar and solutions at 1 M and does not specify a temperature. Many thermochemical tables list values with a standard state of 1 atm. Because...
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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of the measurement (a number), a standard of comparison for the measurement (a unit), and an indication of the uncertainty of the measurement. While the number and unit are explicitly represented when a quantity is written, the uncertainty is an aspect of the errors in the measurement results.
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The free energy change for a reaction that occurs under the standard conditions of 1 bar pressure and at 298 K is called the standard free energy change. Since free energy is a state function, its value depends only on the conditions of the initial and final states of the system. A convenient and common approach to the calculation of free energy changes for physical and chemical reactions is by use of widely available compilations of standard state thermodynamic data. One method involves the...
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Standard solutions refer to solutions with a precisely known concentration or composition. A primary standard is a highly pure, high molar mass, stable substance that is entirely soluble in water, the most commonly used solvent in analytical chemistry. The primary standard solution can be used to standardize secondary standards, which are substances with known concentrations but are less pure and stable. Standard solutions are essential for achieving accurate and reliable results in analytical...
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A Novel Human Epithelial Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
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Biobanking for necrotizing enterocolitis: Needs and standards.

Hala Chaaban1, Troy A Markel2, Jennifer Canvasser3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.

Journal of Pediatric Surgery
|May 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The NEC Society Biorepository was established to collect biospecimens and data from premature infants, aiming to advance research into necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and develop new therapies.

Keywords:
BarcodeBiobankBiomarkerBiorepositoryProcurementSamples

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Biobanking
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease affecting premature infants, with high mortality and morbidity.
  • Lack of specific biomarkers and therapies hinders NEC treatment and research.
  • High-quality biological samples and data are crucial for understanding NEC and developing interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the infrastructure, informatics, and logistical requirements for establishing and managing a biobank for infant research.
  • To detail the mechanisms for sharing biospecimens and data between institutions.
  • To support basic and translational research for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article (Level V evidence).
  • Discussion of biobanking infrastructure requirements.
  • Emphasis on informatics management and specimen sharing logistics.

Main Results:

  • A state-of-the-art biobank for human infants has been established.
  • The NEC Society Biorepository facilitates the collection and sharing of specialized biospecimens and data.
  • Infrastructure and logistical frameworks are detailed for effective biobanking.

Conclusions:

  • The NEC Society Biorepository is a key resource for advancing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) research.
  • This initiative aims to accelerate basic and translational studies, offering hope for affected infants.
  • Effective biobanking and data sharing are essential for future NEC discoveries.