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Identifying and engineering the ideal microbial terpenoid production host.

Sandra Moser1,2, Harald Pichler3,4

  • 1Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib GmbH), Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria.

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|May 27, 2019
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Summary

Microbial production offers a sustainable alternative for synthesizing diverse terpenoids, crucial for pharmaceuticals and biofuels. This review highlights engineered microbes like Escherichia coli and yeasts for efficient, eco-friendly terpenoid biosynthesis.

Keywords:
BacteriaCell engineeringMetabolic engineeringMicrobial production hostsTerpenoidsYeast

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology
  • Metabolic Engineering
  • Microbial Production Systems

Background:

  • Over 70,000 terpenoid structures are known, with significant applications in pharmaceuticals, flavors, fragrances, and biofuels.
  • Traditional extraction and chemical synthesis methods for terpenoids are often inefficient, resource-intensive, and yield-limited.
  • Microbial biosynthesis presents a sustainable, environmentally friendly, and specific alternative for producing valuable terpenoid compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of employing recombinant microorganisms for the de novo production of terpenoids.
  • To highlight the engineering of alternative microbial hosts beyond established systems like Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • To discuss challenges and recent advancements in microbial terpenoid biosynthesis for various compound classes.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewing and synthesizing current literature on heterologous terpenoid production in microbial systems.
  • Analyzing the engineering strategies applied to bacteria and yeasts for terpenoid biosynthesis.
  • Evaluating the progress and challenges associated with different microbial production platforms.

Main Results:

  • Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are currently the most developed hosts for microbial terpenoid production.
  • Significant progress has been made in engineering a wider range of microorganisms for terpenoid biosynthesis.
  • Specific engineering challenges and recent breakthroughs for producing diverse terpenoid classes are identified.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial production is a viable and sustainable strategy for obtaining complex terpenoids.
  • Continued engineering efforts are expanding the repertoire of microbial cell factories for terpenoid synthesis.
  • This review offers a decision-making framework for selecting and optimizing microbial hosts for industrial terpenoid production.