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Correlation between type 2 diabetes, dry eye and Meibomian glands dysfunction.

Garzón P Sandra Johanna1, López-Alemany Antonio2, Gené-Sampedro Andrés3

  • 1Faculty of Optometry, research group of optometry, University Antonio Nariño, Tr 3 este 47 a 15, 11001, Bogotà, Colombia.

Journal of Optometry
|May 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Type 2 diabetes significantly impacts Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and ocular surface health. Diabetic patients exhibit more severe MGD, evaporative dry eye, and lid changes, correlating with disease duration and inflammation.

Keywords:
DiabetesDisfunción de la glándula de MeibomioDry eyeLínea de MarxMarx's lineMeibomian gland dysfunctionNIBUTOjo seco

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Dry Eye Disease Research

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes is a systemic condition affecting multiple organs.
  • Ocular surface complications, including dry eye, are common in diabetic patients.
  • Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) contributes significantly to evaporative dry eye.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate Meibomian glands, ocular surface, and tear function in type 2 diabetes patients.
  • To investigate correlations between these ocular parameters and diabetes.
  • To compare ocular findings in diabetic patients versus a control group.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 76 males (37 type 2 diabetes, 36 controls).
  • Assessed Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), non-invasive tear film break-up time (NIBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), lissamine green staining, and Meibomian gland morphology/secretion.
  • Statistical analysis included Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Spearman Rho correlations.

Main Results:

  • 71% of participants had MGD; higher in diabetics (76%) vs. controls (67%).
  • Diabetic group showed significantly higher OSDI (p=0.01) and a positive correlation between glycemia and symptoms (p=0.0005).
  • Strong correlation between Hb1Ac and OSDI in MGD; NIBUT was lower in controls, with inverse correlation to MG inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • MGD is more severe in type 2 diabetes patients compared to non-diabetics.
  • Longer diabetes duration correlates with increased symptoms and Meibomian gland changes.
  • Diabetics present with significant lid and tear function alterations, leading to evaporative dry eye, strongly linked to MG inflammation and obstruction.