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Related Concept Videos

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Developmental psychology explores the changes and continuities in human abilities throughout life, encompassing physical, cognitive, linguistic, and social dimensions. Human development is not restricted to growth, but includes aspects of decline, particularly in physical abilities as individuals age. Developmental psychologists seek to understand how people change as they age and how their mental and social skills evolve.Developmental MilestonesA key concept in developmental psychology is...
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Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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Determining the Role of Maternally-Expressed Genes in Early Development with Maternal Crispants
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Maternal Selenium and Developmental Programming.

Athanasios C Pappas1, Evangelos Zoidis2, Stella E Chadio3

  • 1Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Faculty of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece. apappas@aua.gr.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal selenium intake during early development is crucial for offspring health. Supplementation supports antioxidant protection and proper development, impacting long-term well-being.

Keywords:
embryonic developmentmaternal nutritionpericonceptional periodprogenyseleniumselenoproteins

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Developmental Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element vital for human health.
  • It plays a key role in at least 25 selenoproteins (Sel), mediating antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chemopreventive functions.
  • Maternal nutrition significantly influences offspring development and health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the impact of maternal selenium intake during the periconceptional period on offspring.
  • To highlight the importance of selenium for epigenetic programming and early life nutrition.
  • To emphasize the necessity of both maternal and offspring selenium supplementation for optimal health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on selenium's role in maternal and offspring health.
  • Analysis of studies investigating selenium's impact on development and antioxidant protection.
  • Discussion of selenium's involvement in epigenetic programming.

Main Results:

  • Maternal selenium intake during the periconceptional period critically influences offspring development and health.
  • Selenium supplementation in both mothers and offspring is essential for robust antioxidant defense and overall health.
  • Selenium is implicated in epigenetic programming, affecting early life nutrition and long-term health trajectories.

Conclusions:

  • Adequate maternal selenium status is fundamental for healthy offspring development.
  • Selenium supplementation strategies should consider both maternal and offspring needs for optimal health benefits.
  • Further research into selenium's role in epigenetic programming during early development is warranted.