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Related Concept Videos

The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

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Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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Convergent Evolution01:54

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Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
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Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

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The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
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Synteny and Evolution02:31

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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials
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Tracking tumor evolution one-cell-at-a-time.

Ankur Sharma1, Ramanuj DasGupta1

  • 1Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.

Molecular & Cellular Oncology
|May 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intra-tumor heterogeneity drives therapy resistance in oral cancer. Single-cell analysis revealed how distinct cell populations evolve differently when treated, impacting treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
Single cell RNA-seqcancer stem cellsdrug-resistanceepigenetic plasticitytumor evolution

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) is increasingly recognized as a key factor in cancer therapy resistance.
  • Distinct clonal populations within a tumor can display varying sensitivities to treatments.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for developing effective cancer therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of phenotypic intra-tumor heterogeneity on drug-induced tumor evolution.
  • To analyze how different cell subpopulations within oral squamous cell carcinoma respond to therapeutic pressure.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized single-cell transcriptomics.
  • Employed patient-derived primary cells from oral squamous cell carcinoma.
  • Analyzed drug-induced tumor evolution.

Main Results:

  • Identified distinct clonal populations with differential therapeutic vulnerabilities.
  • Characterized phenotypic heterogeneity influencing drug response.
  • Observed varied evolutionary trajectories in response to drug treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Phenotypic intra-tumor heterogeneity significantly impacts drug-induced tumor evolution in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
  • Targeting specific clonal populations may overcome therapy resistance.
  • Single-cell transcriptomics provides critical insights into complex tumor biology.