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Polypharmacy in patients with multiple sclerosis: a gender-specific analysis.

Niklas Frahm1, Michael Hecker2, Uwe Klaus Zettl2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology Section, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany. niklas-frahm@gmx.de.

Biology of Sex Differences
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Summary

Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients face similar polypharmacy rates regardless of sex. However, factors like age, disability, and comorbidities influence medication use differently, with women showing a stronger age-related increase in drug use.

Keywords:
ComorbidityConcomitant drugsGenderMedication managementMultiple sclerosisPatient carePolypharmacy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) disproportionately affects women, necessitating diverse therapeutic strategies due to variable disease courses.
  • The management of MS often involves multiple medications, leading to potential polypharmacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct sex-specific analyses of polypharmacy (defined as using five or more drugs) in multiple sclerosis patients.
  • To identify differences in the medication spectrum and factors associated with polypharmacy between male and female MS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Clinico-demographic data were collected from 306 MS patients through clinical examinations, interviews, and medical records.
  • Statistical analyses were performed to compare polypharmacy rates and associated factors between sexes.

Main Results:

  • Polypharmacy rates were similar between women (56.0%) and men (58.0%).
  • Higher age, severe disability, comorbidities, and inpatient treatment were associated with increased polypharmacy risk in both sexes.
  • Women showed a significantly stronger age-related increase in medication use and used thyroid medications and contraceptives more frequently. Men used fampridine and antispasmodics more often. Low educational level predicted polypharmacy only in women.

Conclusions:

  • Older age, comorbidities, higher disability, and inpatient status increase polypharmacy risk in both male and female MS patients.
  • Sex-specific differences exist in medication use patterns and the influence of certain factors on polypharmacy.
  • Further research is recommended to investigate sex-specific drug interactions in MS patients.