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Power01:08

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The concept of work involves force and displacement; meanwhile, the work-energy theorem relates the net work done on a body to the difference in its kinetic energy, calculated between two points on its trajectory. While none of these quantities or relations involves time explicitly, we know that the time available to accomplish work is often just as important as the amount of work itself. For example, sprinters in a race may have achieved the same velocity at the finish, therefore,...
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Related Experiment Video

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Implantation and Control of Wireless, Battery-free Systems for Peripheral Nerve Interfacing
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A mm-Sized Free-Floating Wirelessly Powered Implantable Optical Stimulation Device.

Yaoyao Jia, S Abdollah Mirbozorgi, Byunghun Lee

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    Summary

    This study introduces a millimeter-sized, wirelessly powered implantable device for optogenetic neuromodulation. The free-floating, wirelessly powered, implantable optical stimulation (FF-WIOS) device enables untethered brain stimulation with precise control and efficient power delivery.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Electrical Engineering

    Background:

    • Optogenetic neuromodulation offers precise control over neural circuits.
    • Existing methods often require wired connections, limiting mobility and increasing infection risk.
    • Untethered, implantable devices are needed for advanced neuroscience research and therapeutic applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a millimeter-sized, free-floating, wirelessly powered, implantable optical stimulation (FF-WIOS) device.
    • To achieve untethered optogenetic neuromodulation with efficient wireless power transfer and data telemetry.
    • To demonstrate the device's efficacy in vivo for neural stimulation.

    Main Methods:

    • A resonator-based three-coil inductive link was used for wireless power transfer (>2.7 mW at 60 MHz).
    • Forward data telemetry (50 kb/s) controlled stimulation parameters for a 4x4 μLED array.
    • A switched-capacitor architecture stored energy for high-current μLED activation.
    • In vivo experiments in rat primary visual cortex (V1) assessed light-evoked potentials and tissue response.

    Main Results:

    • The FF-WIOS device achieved efficient wireless power transfer and data telemetry.
    • The switched-capacitor circuit delivered high instantaneous current (10 mA) to μLEDs for bright flashes.
    • In vivo experiments demonstrated successful light-evoked neural responses in the rat V1.
    • The device operated effectively without exceeding specific absorption rate limits.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed FF-WIOS device provides a viable solution for untethered optogenetic neuromodulation.
    • This technology enables precise, wireless control of neural activity in freely moving subjects.
    • The FF-WIOS system holds promise for future neuroscience research and potential clinical applications.