Pitfalls in meta-analysis
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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Shugan Jieyu Capsules for the Treatment of Insomnia
Published on: February 17, 2023
Andriko Palmowski1, Sabrina M Nielsen2,3
1Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. andriko.palmowski@charite.de.
Abstract:
Systematic reviews with meta-analyses are powerful instruments to synthesize research. If done correctly, they may constitute the highest level of evidence by combining several individual studies. As high-quality evidence is scarce in the field of complementary medicine, meta-analyses of randomized trials may shed new light on both efficacy and safety, but they must be properly conducted. In this commentary to a recently published paper we elaborate on methodological pitfalls in meta-analysis that every researcher should avoid to gain true high-quality evidence.
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