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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
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Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...
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In mass spectroscopy, amines undergo fragmentation to give parent ions with odd molecule weights. This observed mass spectrum follows the nitrogen rule; a molecule with an odd number of nitrogen atoms produces a molecular ion with an odd molecular weight. Amines undergo fragmentation through α cleavage, producing nitrogen-containing cations—iminium ions—and alkyl radicals. Mass spectra of aromatic and cyclic aliphatic amines exhibit strong molecular ion peaks, but acyclic...
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Most elements exist in nature as a mixture of isotopes. The isotopes differ in weight due to their respective number of neutrons. The molecular weight of a molecule is different depending on the specific isotope of its elements involved. As a result, the mass spectrum of the molecule exhibits peaks from the same fragment at multiple positions. The positions of these mass signals depend on the mass differences between isotopes. Furthermore, the intensity of these signals is dependent on the...
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Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...
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The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
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Using a Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometer for Tandem Ion Mobility Experiments
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A Cyclic Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry System.

Kevin Giles1, Jakub Ujma1, Jason Wildgoose1

  • 1Waters Corporation , Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road , Wilmslow SK9 4AX , U.K.

Analytical Chemistry
|May 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new cyclic ion mobility-mass spectrometry (cIM-MS) instrument enhances structural analysis and mixture separation. This advanced platform offers multifunction capabilities for complex molecular studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biophysical Chemistry

Background:

  • Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) is widely used for structural analysis and mixture separation.
  • Commercial IM-MS instruments offer increasing performance and availability.
  • Existing IM-MS technology has limitations in performing complex experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel research instrument that expands the capabilities of ion mobility technology.
  • To introduce a cyclic ion mobility (cIM) device integrated into an IM-MS platform.
  • To enable complex, multifunction experiments for advanced structural analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Modification of a Waters SYNAPT G2-S i IM-MS platform to incorporate a cyclic ion mobility (cIM) device.
  • Utilizing a 98 cm path length, closed-loop traveling wave (TW)-enabled IM separator.
  • Employing a planar electrode array for precise control of ion motion and TW direction.
  • Implementing ion guides for ion injection, ejection, storage, and activation.
  • Developing control software for single, multipass, and custom multifunction experiments (e.g., mobility selection, activation, storage, IMS^n).

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a mobility resolving power of approximately 750 for a reverse sequence peptide pair after 100 passes in the cIM device.
  • Successfully analyzed three isomeric pentasaccharide species using the multifunction capabilities.
  • Analyzed the small protein ubiquitin, showcasing the instrument's versatility.

Conclusions:

  • The developed cIM-MS instrument significantly extends the scope of IM technology for structural analysis.
  • The instrument's design facilitates complex experiments, including mobility selection, activation, and storage.
  • The cIM-MS platform demonstrates high performance and versatility for analyzing diverse and complex molecular species.