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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

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Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...
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Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

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Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
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The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

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The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
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The Aufbau Principle and Hund's Rule03:02

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To determine the electron configuration for any particular atom, we can build the structures in the order of atomic numbers. Beginning with hydrogen, and continuing across the periods of the periodic table, we add one proton at a time to the nucleus and one electron to the proper subshell until we have described the electron configurations of all the elements. This procedure is called the aufbau principle, from the German word aufbau (“to build up”). Each added electron occupies the...
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MicroRNA Based Liquid Biopsy: The Experience of the Plasma miRNA Signature Classifier MSC for Lung Cancer Screening
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MicroRNA based theranostics for brain cancer: basic principles.

George E D Petrescu1,2, Alexandru A Sabo3, Ligia I Torsin4

  • 1Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR
|May 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) show promise as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of glioblastoma. These molecules also offer potential therapeutic strategies for brain tumors, advancing treatment options.

Keywords:
AntagomirsAntisense oligonucleotidesBiomarkersGlioblastomaGliomaSmall molecule miRNA inhibitorsmiRNA based drugsmiRNA masksmiRNA mimicsmicroRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Therapeutics

Background:

  • Glioblastoma presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and lack of effective biomarkers or treatments.
  • Current chemotherapy offers minimal survival benefits for glioblastoma patients.
  • Advances in molecular biology are identifying new diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets for improved patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential circulating biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of brain tumors.
  • To explore strategies for delivering therapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for central nervous system (CNS) delivery.
  • To evaluate methods for restoring or inhibiting miRNAs for glioblastoma treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on the role of miRNAs in cancer, specifically glioblastoma.
  • Analysis of miRNA expression patterns in relation to tumor development and progression.
  • Investigation of miRNA delivery systems and therapeutic modulation techniques.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in the initiation and progression of glioblastoma.
  • miRNAs can be detected in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), making them accessible biomarkers.
  • Various therapeutic approaches, including miRNA restoration and inhibition, are being developed.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are proposed as ideal diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for glioblastoma due to their role in gliomagenesis and detectability in biofluids.
  • Advances in miRNA-based therapies (mimics, inhibitors) position miRNAs as strong candidates for clinical trials in glioblastoma treatment.