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Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
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Highlights in allergic contact dermatitis 2018/2019.

Jeanne D Johansen1, Thomas Werfel2

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.

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Contact allergy remains a diagnostic challenge, with nickel and fragrances as common culprits. Emerging allergens like acrylates are increasingly identified, necessitating updated diagnostic approaches for allergic contact dermatitis.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a prevalent skin condition.
  • Diagnosing ACD can be challenging due to the wide array of potential contact allergens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on contact allergy.
  • To highlight trends, diagnosis, and causes of both new and established allergens.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on contact allergy.
  • Analysis of trends in allergen prevalence and diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Nickel remains a primary allergen, particularly in women, with piercings as a risk factor.
  • Regulated countries show lower nickel and chromium allergy rates.
  • Fragrance allergens include oxidized terpenes (limonene, linalool, geraniol).
  • Methylisothiazolinone causes issues due to hidden exposures.
  • Acrylates, such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, are emerging allergens linked to nail products and medical devices.
  • Over 10 new allergens require consideration in ACD diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • ACD is common and diagnostically complex.
  • While established allergens persist, acrylates represent significant emerging causes of ACD.