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The Relationship Between Circulating Interleukin-6 Levels and Future Health Service Use in Dementia Caregivers
Brent T Mausbach1, Gabrielle Decastro, Carlos Vara-Garcia
1From the Department of Psychiatry (Mausbach, Dimsdale, Mills, Patterson, Ancoli-Israel, Grant), University of California San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychology (Decastro), San Diego State University, California; Department of Psychology (Vara-Garcia), University Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology (Bos), San Diego State University and University of California San Diego; Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine (von Känel), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Medicine (Ziegler) and Family and Preventive Medicine (Allison, Mills); and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health (Pruitt), University of California San Diego, La Jolla.
Elevated Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels significantly increase emergency department (ED) visit risk for dementia caregivers. High IL-6 and caregiver demands predict vulnerability, suggesting interventions targeting inflammation may prevent ED use.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Immunology
- Public Health
Background:
- Older adults frequently use emergency departments (EDs) for nonspecific symptoms.
- Dementia caregivers (CGs) experience chronic stress, potentially increasing inflammation.
- Biomarkers like Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) are linked to stress and nonspecific symptoms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prospective association between IL-6 and TNF-α levels and the risk of ED visits in dementia caregivers.
- To identify inflammation biomarkers that predict future ED utilization among individuals caring for dementia patients.
Main Methods:
- 85 dementia caregivers were enrolled, with ED visits tracked over 15 months.
- Resting serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were measured at enrollment.
- Cox proportional hazards models analyzed the relationship between biomarkers and ED risk, adjusting for covariates.
Main Results:
- Elevated (log) IL-6 levels significantly predicted ED visits (p = .017).
- Each log pg/mL increase in IL-6 was associated with a 7.10-fold greater risk of ED visits.
- TNF-α was not significantly associated with subsequent ED visits; high IL-6 with high caregiver demands indicated highest risk.
Conclusions:
- IL-6 levels and caregiver demands may predict ED visit vulnerability in dementia caregivers.
- Interventions targeting inflammation, stress, and comorbid conditions could potentially prevent ED visits.
- Further research is needed to validate these findings and inform preventative strategies.
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