Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Gas Exchange and Transport

Gas Exchange and Transport

Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them.

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport

Passive transport is a method of drug absorption where small, lipid-soluble drugs can move across the cell membrane. This movement happens along the concentration gradient, which is a natural flow from higher to lower concentration areas. The speed at which the drug moves is directly related to its lipid–water partition coefficient. This means that the more a drug dissolves in lipids, the faster it diffuses or spreads throughout the body. It is important to note that most drugs are either...

Social Exchange Theory

Social Exchange Theory

We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).

Facilitated Transport

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport

Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
Facilitated diffusion is a passive process that utilizes human Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters. These transporters bind to the drug, undergo structural...

Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport

Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport

Drugs need to permeate cell membranes to reach their target sites after administration. Orally administered drugs must transcend intestinal epithelial membrane barriers to infiltrate the systemic circulation. Drugs with a molecular weight of less than 500 Daltons diffuse through gaps between neighboring cells, called paracellular pathways.
However, most drugs use the transcellular route, traversing directly through the cell membranes via two mechanisms: passive and active transport. Passive...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Walking kinematics of ants carrying food in the mandibles versus gaster.

The Journal of experimental biology·2024

Same author

Overwintering aggregation patterns of European catfish Silurus glanis.

Movement ecology·2023

Same author

Biomechanical effects of the addition of a precision constraint on a collective load carriage task.

Royal Society open science·2022

Same author

Kinematic Modeling at the Ant Scale: Propagation of Model Parameter Uncertainties.

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology·2022

Same author

Analysis of Gait During Independent and Paired Walking in Adults with an Intellectual Disability: A Case Report.

Journal of rehabilitation medicine. Clinical communications·2021

Same author

A biomechanical study of load carriage by two paired subjects in response to increased load mass.

Scientific reports·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Ex vivo Mechanical Loading of Tendon

Ex vivo Mechanical Loading of Tendon

Published on: May 28, 2007

Locomotor pattern and mechanical exchanges during collective load transport.

Guillaume Fumery¹, Hugo Mérienne², Vincent Fourcassié²

¹Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, MAS Marquiol, Toulouse, France.

Human Movement Science

|May 31, 2019

Summary

Collective load carriage by two people is biomechanically similar to walking alone. This research suggests collective carrying may offer greater mechanical savings, providing benchmarks for robotics.

Keywords:

Center of mass Collective behavior Gait Locomotion Transport

More Related Videos

Design of a Biaxial Mechanical Loading Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering

Design of a Biaxial Mechanical Loading Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering

Published on: April 25, 2013

Assaying Locomotor Activity to Study Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Parameters in Drosophila

Assaying Locomotor Activity to Study Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Parameters in Drosophila

Published on: September 28, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Ex vivo Mechanical Loading of Tendon

Ex vivo Mechanical Loading of Tendon

Published on: May 28, 2007

Design of a Biaxial Mechanical Loading Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering

Design of a Biaxial Mechanical Loading Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering

Published on: April 25, 2013

Assaying Locomotor Activity to Study Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Parameters in Drosophila

Assaying Locomotor Activity to Study Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Parameters in Drosophila

Published on: September 28, 2010

Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Human Locomotion
Robotics

Background:

Human locomotion while carrying loads is well-studied, but collective load carriage is under-researched.
Collective carriage is relevant to sports, military, healthcare, and collaborative robotics (Cobots).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the hypothesis that the mechanical cost of locomotion is comparable for individuals walking alone versus two individuals carrying a load collectively.
To establish benchmarks for collective carriage tasks in robotics.

Main Methods:

Ten pairs of individuals participated, walking separately and collectively carrying an object.
Three-dimensional motion analysis (Vicon©) was used to record movements.

Main Results:

Locomotion mechanical costs and center of mass displacement patterns were similar between individuals walking alone and pairs carrying a load collectively.
Pairs demonstrated enhanced pendulum-like behavior, indicating greater mechanical savings during collective carriage.

Conclusions:

Collective load carriage by two individuals is biomechanically comparable to individual locomotion.
Enhanced pendulum-like dynamics in collective carriage suggest higher mechanical efficiency, offering valuable data for robotic applications.