Liposomal integration method for assessing antioxidative activity of water insoluble compounds towards biologically relevant free radicals: example of avarol
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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Free Radicals in Chemical Biology: from Chemical Behavior to Biomarker Development
Published on: April 15, 2013
Đura Nakarada1, Boris Pejin2, Giuseppina Tommonaro3
1Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Abstract:
The liposomal integration method, in conjunction with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, has been presented for the investigation of antioxidant activity of selected water-insoluble compound towards biologically relevant free radicals. This method was applied to avarol, a sesquiterpenoid hydroquinone isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea avara. The antioxidant activity of water-insoluble avarol towards •OH, O2•- and NO• radicals was attained by its incorporation into the DPPC liposomes bilayer, and towards ascorbyl radicals in the organic solvent. Avarol's activity towards •OH, O2•-, NO• and ascorbyl radicals was 86.2%, 50.9%, 23.6% and 61.8%, respectively, showing its significant radical scavenging potential.
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