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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Author Spotlight: Innovative Microneedle-Based Strategies for Enhanced Exosome Delivery and Stability
Published on: July 12, 2024
3D printed microneedle patches using stereolithography (SLA) for intradermal insulin delivery
Sophia N Economidou1, Cristiane Patricia Pissinato Pere1, Andrew Reid2
1Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Medway Campus, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom.
Abstract:
3D printed microneedle arrays were fabricated using a biocompatible resin through stereolithography (SLA) for transdermal insulin delivery. Microneedles were built by polymerising consecutive layers of a photopolymeric resin. Thin layers of insulin and sugar alcohol or disaccharide carriers were formed on the needle surface by inkjet printing. The optimization of the printing process resulted in superior skin penetration capacity of the 3D printed microneedles compared to metal arrays with minimum applied forces varying within the range of 2 to 5 N. Micro-CT analysis showed strong adhesion of the coated films on the microneedle surface even after penetration to the skin. In vivo animal trials revealed fast insulin action with excellent hypoglycaemia control and lower glucose levels achieved within 60 min, combined with steady state plasma glucose over 4 h compared to subcutaneous injections.
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