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Experimental Measurement of Settling Velocity of Spherical Particles in Unconfined and Confined Surfactant-based Shear Thinning Viscoelastic Fluids
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Magma mixing induced by particle settling.

Christian J Renggli1,2, Sebastian Wiesmaier1,3, Cristina P De Campos1

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Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. Beitrage Zur Mineralogie Und Petrologie
|June 1, 2019
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Summary

Particle settling significantly accelerates magma mixing between rhyolite and basalt. Sinking platinum spheres entrained rhyolite, forming filaments that coiled and piled up, enhancing interfacial mixing and hybridization. This study highlights complexities in crystal-rich magma interactions.

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Liquid rope coilingMagma mixingParticle settlingRhyolite–basaltX-ray microCT

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Petrology
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Magma mixing is crucial for understanding volcanic processes and crustal evolution.
  • The influence of particle settling on magma mingling dynamics remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of particle settling in accelerating magma mixing between rhyolitic and basaltic melts.
  • To visualize and analyze the physical processes involved in magma entrainment and hybridization.

Main Methods:

  • High-temperature experiments using natural rhyolite and basalt glasses.
  • Utilizing a sinking platinum sphere to induce entrainment and mixing.
  • X-ray microtomography (microCT) for high-resolution imaging of experimental products.
  • Major element analysis of rhyolite filaments to study diffusion patterns.

Main Results:

  • Sinking platinum spheres entrained rhyolite filaments into basalt, forming a thickened, mixed layer at the interface.
  • Liquid rope coiling and filament piling significantly increased interfacial area and accelerated diffusive hybridization.
  • Bubbles rising from the interface dragged basalt filaments into the rhyolite, exhibiting non-spherical shapes due to varying surface tensions.
  • Asymmetrical major element profiles and uphill diffusion of Na and Ti were observed in rhyolite filaments.

Conclusions:

  • Particle settling, particularly in crystal-rich magmas, can dramatically enhance magma mingling and hybridization rates.
  • The observed phenomena, including liquid rope coiling and bubble-mediated transport, add significant complexity to magma mixing models.
  • Further fluid dynamic analysis is warranted to fully understand these processes, now visualized with advanced imaging techniques.