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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Assessment of Cerebral Lateralization in Children using Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound fTCD
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Lateralization (handedness) in Magellanic penguins.

Thaís Stor1, Ginger A Rebstock2,3, Pablo García Borboroglu2,3,4

  • 1Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ornitologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.

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|June 1, 2019
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Summary

This study on Magellanic penguins found no population-level foot or flipper preference for basic behaviors like stepping or thermoregulation. However, fighting behavior showed significant lateralization, with aggressive penguins favoring left-eye use.

Keywords:
AggressionBehaviorFight orientationFootednessHandednessLateralizationMagellanic penguinSexSpheniscus magellanicusThermoregulation

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Area of Science:

  • Ethology
  • Animal Behavior
  • Zoology

Background:

  • Lateralization, or asymmetry in form/function, is common in animals and often adaptive.
  • This asymmetry can manifest as 'handedness' or side preference in behavior and morphology.
  • Understanding lateralization in wild populations provides insights into evolutionary adaptations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate lateralization in various behaviors of a wild Magellanic penguin population.
  • To determine if behaviors like stepping, thermoregulation, swimming, and fighting exhibit population-level or individual lateralization.
  • To explore the relationship between environmental factors (e.g., temperature) and lateralization.

Main Methods:

  • Observed foot preference in stepping behavior (n=300).
  • Assessed foot preference during thermoregulation, varying observation times (n=121, n=232).
  • Examined morphological asymmetry (sternum keel, feather wear) and aggressive interactions (eye use, facial injuries) in Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus).

Main Results:

  • No population-level foot preference was found for stepping up or during thermoregulation (results varied with ambient temperature).
  • Morphological asymmetries (sternum keel, feather wear) indicated individual lateralization, but not population-level preference.
  • Aggressive interactions showed significant lateralization: penguins preferentially used their left eye and attacked the right side of opponents, with blood patterns supporting this.

Conclusions:

  • Magellanic penguins exhibit behavior- and context-dependent lateralization.
  • While basic motor behaviors like stepping and thermoregulation lack population-level lateralization, social behaviors like fighting do.
  • Lateralization in fighting may be linked to brain lateralization controlling aggression and sensory input.