Lichen Planus Pigmentosus: A Clinico-etiological Study

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Clinical Medicine
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP) is a distinct dermatological condition frequently observed in the Indian population.
• Understanding its clinicoetiological profile is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the clinical and etiological characteristics of Lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP).
• To identify common triggers and associated conditions in LPP patients.

Main Methods:

• A study involving 100 patients with confirmed Lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP).
• Data collection included demographics, disease history, precipitating factors (cosmetics, drugs), and clinical examination.
• Histopathological confirmation was performed for all cases.

Main Results:

• The study included 100 patients (56% female), with a mean age of 31.23 years and disease duration averaging 19.31 months.
• Cosmetic disfigurement (68%) and itching (41%) were primary complaints; topical mustard oil (62%) and hair dye (48%) were common triggers.
• Face and neck were most affected sites; diffuse pigmentation (56%) was the commonest pattern. A significant association was found between hypothyroidism and diffuse LPP (P<0.001).

Conclusions:

• Lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP) presents with diverse clinical patterns and is linked to various etiological factors.
• Advising patients to discontinue specific topical products like mustard oil, hair dyes, and cosmetics is recommended.
• Hypothyroidism should be investigated in LPP patients due to its associated risk.