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Related Concept Videos

Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Ion Exchange01:17

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Social Exchange Theory02:06

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We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).
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Gas Exchange and Transport01:20

Gas Exchange and Transport

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Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Online Size-exclusion and Ion-exchange Chromatography on a SAXS Beamline
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Ion exchange: an advanced synthetic method for complex nanoparticles.

Geonhee Cho1, Yoonsu Park1, Yun-Kun Hong1

  • 1School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.

Nano Convergence
|June 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nanoparticle synthesis via ion exchange offers a versatile route to complex and metastable structures. Understanding the kinetic and thermodynamic factors governing these reactions is key to designing advanced nanomaterials.

Keywords:
Chemical transformationComposition controlHeterostructureNanocrystal synthesisPhase controlShape control

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Synthesis

Background:

  • Developing novel nanoparticles (NPs) with tailored properties requires advanced synthetic methods.
  • Conventional synthesis techniques limit access to complex and metastable NP structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the kinetic and thermodynamic factors governing ion exchange reactions in NPs.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of advanced techniques and unique NPs synthesized via ion exchange.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on ion exchange reactions as a versatile NP synthesis approach.
  • Analysis of kinetic and thermodynamic controls in ion exchange processes.
  • Summarization of representative examples and advanced techniques.

Main Results:

  • Ion exchange reactions provide a pathway to complex and metastable NPs.
  • Cation exchange is prevalent in chalcogenide compounds.
  • Anion exchange is significant in halogen (perovskite) and metal-chalcogenide compounds.

Conclusions:

  • Ion exchange reactions are fundamental to understanding NP synthesis mechanisms.
  • This versatile method enables the creation of NPs with tunable fine structures.
  • Synthesized NPs hold potential for developing new devices with specific properties.