Toward Hydrogen Mobility: Challenges and Strategies in Electrocatalyst Durability for Long-Term PEMFC Operation

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Electrochemistry
• Energy Systems

Background:

• Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are vital for hydrogen energy, especially for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs).
• HDVs present unique operational challenges like frequent startups and fuel starvation, impacting PEMFC durability.
• Current PEMFC adoption is hindered by durability and long-term performance issues critical for HDVs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in PEMFC catalysts and supports.
• To highlight strategies for enhancing PEMFC durability for heavy-duty applications.
• To provide insights into challenges and future directions for durable and cost-effective PEMFCs.

Main Methods:

• Focus on Pt-based intermetallic catalysts, including Pt-TM alloys.
• Investigate hybrid catalysts combining Pt with M-N-C (M = Fe, Co).
• Explore alternative support materials like metal oxides and graphitized carbons.

Main Results:

• Pt-based intermetallic catalysts show improved stability and activity via ordered structures and strong metal-support interactions.
• Hybrid catalysts boost performance and reduce platinum loading.
• Alternative supports enhance corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity over conventional carbon supports.

Conclusions:

• Structural and material innovations are key to optimizing PEMFC catalysts and supports for long-term performance.
• Addressing durability challenges is essential for widespread PEMFC adoption in HDVs.
• Further research into advanced catalysts and supports will drive cost-effective and durable PEMFC technology.