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Adolescent Internalizing, Externalizing, and Social Problems Following Iron Deficiency at 12-18 Months: The Role of

Jenalee R Doom1, Sheila Gahagan2, Patricia L East2

  • 1University of Michigan.

Child Development
|June 4, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Maternal responsiveness, particularly negative responsiveness at age 5, mediates the link between early iron deficiency (ID) and adolescent behavioral issues. Positive responsiveness did not prevent internalizing problems in children with ID anemia.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Nutritional Neuroscience
  • Child Psychiatry

Background:

  • Early childhood iron deficiency (ID) is linked to later behavioral problems.
  • The role of maternal responsiveness in this pathway requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine if maternal responsiveness moderates or mediates the association between infant iron deficiency and adolescent behavioral problems.
  • To identify specific pathways linking early ID to later psychopathology.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 933 Chilean children.
  • Assessment of iron status at 12 and 18 months.
  • Maternal responsiveness assessed at 9 months and 5 years.
  • Child behavior problems reported from age 5 through adolescence (11-17 years).
  • Structural equation modeling used to analyze pathways.

Main Results:

  • A novel pathway was identified where child externalizing problems and negative maternal responsiveness at age 5 mediated the link between 12-18 month ID and adolescent internalizing, externalizing, and social problems.
  • Infant positive maternal responsiveness did not mitigate internalizing problems in anemic children.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal responsiveness, especially negative responsiveness, plays a crucial mediating role in the association between early iron deficiency and adolescent behavioral outcomes.
  • Early iron deficiency anemia poses risks for behavioral problems, and this risk is influenced by maternal interaction patterns.

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