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Related Concept Videos

Language01:16

Language

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
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Components of Language01:24

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Language Development01:22

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm
06:07

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm

Published on: May 15, 2019

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Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm.

Adam Stone1, Rain G Bosworth2

  • 1Convo Communications.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove
|June 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infants as young as 6 months can detect linguistic cues in sign language, even without prior exposure. This study used eye tracking and the preferential looking paradigm to reveal innate infant sensitivities to language.

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Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
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Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

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Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Eye tracking offers a non-invasive method for studying infant perception and attention.
  • The preferential looking paradigm assesses infant sensitivity by measuring visual attention to differing stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the utility of eye tracking with the preferential looking paradigm in infant research.
  • To investigate whether infants exhibit sensitivity to linguistic cues in sign language.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized eye tracking technology to record infant gaze data.
  • Employed the preferential looking paradigm, presenting infants with two simultaneous visual stimuli differing in one aspect.
  • Designed brief, controlled experiments to ensure reliable data collection.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that 6-month-old infants show differential looking behavior towards stimuli with linguistic cues in sign language.
  • Confirmed infant sensitivity to linguistic properties in a signed language, irrespective of prior exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Infants possess innate or intrinsic sensitivities to linguistic cues, even in unfamiliar signed languages.
  • The preferential looking paradigm combined with eye tracking is an effective method for studying early language development and perception.