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Salmonella osteomyelitis: A rare extraintestinal manifestation of an endemic pathogen

Ranjana Rohilla1, Mohit Bhatia1, Pratima Gupta1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.

Journal of Laboratory Physicians
|June 5, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi can cause rare bone infections, known as Salmonella osteomyelitis, even in healthy individuals. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term complications.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Orthopedics
  • Bacteriology

Background:

  • Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi cause enteric fever, characterized by fever and gastrointestinal distress.
  • Bacteremia is common in enteric fever, potentially leading to localized infections in various body sites.
  • Predisposing factors for extraintestinal Salmonella infections include certain health conditions and weakened immune systems.

Observation:

  • Salmonella osteomyelitis is a rare complication of typhoid fever, often resulting from bloodstream spread to bone or joints.
  • While typically associated with compromised immunity or specific risk factors, it can occur in immunocompetent individuals.
  • This case series reviews Salmonella osteomyelitis in immunocompetent patients without predisposing conditions.

Findings:

  • The study presents a case series of Salmonella osteomyelitis in immunocompetent patients.
  • It highlights the occurrence of this rare bone infection in individuals without typical risk factors.
  • The review focuses on cases from a tertiary care hospital in Uttarakhand, India, over one year.

Implications:

  • Timely diagnosis and treatment of Salmonella osteomyelitis are essential to prevent permanent functional deficits.
  • Understanding the occurrence in immunocompetent individuals broadens the differential diagnosis for bone infections.
  • Further research may elucidate specific mechanisms or risk factors in previously unrecognized patient groups.
Keywords:
Enteric feverSalmonella osteomyelitisimmunocompetent

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