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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Establishment of a Human Multiple Myeloma Xenograft Model in the Chicken to Study Tumor Growth, Invasion and Angiogenesis
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Cost-effectiveness analysis on binary/triple therapy on the basis of ixazomib or bortezomib for refractory or

Hongfu Cai1, Longfeng Zhang2, Na Li1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.

Leukemia & Lymphoma
|June 5, 2019
PubMed

This study analyzed the cost utility on the use of ixazomib/lenalidomide/dexamethasone (IRD), lenalidomide/dexamethasone (RD), bortezomib/thalidomide/dexamethasone (VTD), or bortezomib/dexamethasone (VD) for patients with refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma (rrMM). Patients' lifelong direct medical costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) are simulated by using the Markov model on the basis of the China's healthcare system. VTD, RD, and IRD are 0.12, 0.32, and 0.42 QALYs higher than VD, and $9401, $16,868, and $39,671 higher than those of VD in terms of lifelong cost. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios are 78,342, 52,713, and 94,455, respectively. IRD can extend the life years of patients with rrMM, improve the quality of life, and increase the cost of medical treatment. The use of VD has a comparative advantage of cost utility. For patients who cannot tolerate bortezomib or were drug-fast with first-line bortezomib, RD plan is another economical and effective strategy.

Keywords:
Cost-effectivenessbortezomibixazomiblenalidomidemultiple myelomarelapsed or refractoryrrMM

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