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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

82.3K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
82.3K
Transcription01:10

Transcription

155.8K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
155.8K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.7K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.7K
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

10.9K
Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
10.9K
Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators

12.6K
Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These...
12.6K
Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

18.2K
Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
18.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Mapping Inhibitory Neuronal Circuits by Laser Scanning Photostimulation
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Mapping Inhibitory Neuronal Circuits by Laser Scanning Photostimulation

Published on: October 6, 2011

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The neuronal stimulation-transcription coupling map.

Kelsey M Tyssowski1, Jesse M Gray1

  • 1Harvard Medical School, Department of Genetics, 77 Ave Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States.

Current Opinion in Neurobiology
|June 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists are mapping how external signals control gene activity in neurons to understand brain plasticity. This "stimulation-transcription coupling map" reveals how specific stimuli trigger distinct gene responses, advancing our knowledge of neuronal function.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Neurons exhibit plasticity, the ability to change their structure and function.
  • Neuronal plasticity is regulated by gene transcription in response to extracellular stimuli.
  • Understanding the link between specific stimuli and gene expression is crucial for deciphering neuronal plasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically dissect the relationship between extracellular stimulation and gene transcription in neurons.
  • To propose and describe the development of a comprehensive "stimulation-transcription coupling map."
  • To elucidate the transcriptional regulation mechanisms underlying stimulus-dependent gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent genomic experiments and data.
  • Analysis of transcriptional responses to various extracellular stimuli.
  • Characterization of gene modules regulated by specific stimuli.

Main Results:

  • Genomic experiments are beginning to enable the creation of a stimulation-transcription coupling map.
  • Specific extracellular stimuli activate distinct sets of genes.
  • The map currently describes the known coupling between stimulation and transcription.

Conclusions:

  • The development of a stimulation-transcription coupling map is a key step towards understanding neuronal plasticity.
  • Knowledge of stimulus-dependent gene regulation provides insights into neuronal function.
  • Continued genomic research will refine and expand this map for a deeper understanding of the nervous system.