Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Using Human Differentially Expressed Gene Lists to Perform Downstream Pathway Enrichment Analysis and Target Prioritization
Published on: October 3, 2025
Targeting inflammatory pathways in axial spondyloarthritis.
Daniel E Furst1, James S Louie2
1Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. dan@furst.us.com.
This review explores the inflammatory pathways in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), focusing on tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-17. Understanding these pathways and biomarkers is key to developing effective treatments for axSpA.
Area of Science:
- Rheumatology
- Immunology
- Inflammation research
Background:
- Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) pathogenesis remains incompletely understood.
- Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) pathways are implicated in axSpA inflammation.
- Mechanisms leading to syndesmophytes and ankyloses in axSpA require further elucidation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review critical inflammatory pathways in axSpA, specifically TNF-α and IL-17.
- To discuss factors activating or enhancing these pathways in axSpA patients.
- To explore genetic markers, prognostic biomarkers, and treatment targets for axSpA.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of inflammatory pathways in axSpA.
- Analysis of factors influencing TNF-α and IL-17.
- Exploration of genetic and prognostic biomarkers.
- Overview of current axSpA treatment strategies and targets.
Main Results:
- TNF-α and IL-17 pathways are central to axSpA clinical symptoms.
- Specific factors contributing to pathway activation in axSpA are discussed.
- Genetic and prognostic markers relevant to axSpA inflammation are identified.
Conclusions:
- Targeting TNF-α and IL-17 offers therapeutic benefits for axSpA symptoms.
- Further research into syndesmophyte/ankylosis mechanisms is needed.
- Understanding inflammatory pathways, biomarkers, and treatments is crucial for axSpA management.
Related Concept Videos
Axial and Appendicular Muscles
Axial Muscles
Axial muscles, situated along the body's midline, are intricately connected to the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. These muscles facilitate facial expressions and...
General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading
Consider a member subjected to equal and opposite forces that are applied along a line that does not coincide with the member's neutral axis. In unsymmetrical...
Overview of the Axial Skeleton
The axial skeleton of the...
Normal Strain under Axial Loading
Fimbriae, Pili, and Axial Filaments
C4 Pathway and CAM
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...

