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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

1.0K
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Published on: September 12, 2011

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Autism, autonomy, and authenticity.

Elisabeth M A Späth1, Karin R Jongsma2,3

  • 1Department of Ethics and History of Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 36, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.

Medicine, Health Care, and Philosophy
|June 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autistic individuals possess self-awareness and authentic preferences, challenging assumptions of limited capacity. Understanding their autonomy requires recognizing external barriers and unjustified interference.

Keywords:
Adaptive preferencesAuthenticityAutismAutonomyJusticeNegative and positive liberty

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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Autism spectrum research
  • Philosophy of autonomy

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social-communication deficits and restricted, repetitive behaviors.
  • Research on autism predominantly focuses on behavioral interventions and social norm alignment.
  • Existing interventions often assume autistic individuals lack self-reflection and agency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conceptually explore the autonomy of autistic individuals.
  • To challenge the assumption that autistic people lack self-reflection and agency.
  • To re-evaluate beliefs about autistic capacities using theoretical frameworks.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Isaiah Berlin's concept of positive liberty (self-mastery) versus negative liberty (freedom from interference).
  • Analyzed empirical research on autistic individuals' awareness of strengths and critical views of social norms.
  • Applied theoretical framework to interpret autistic individuals' needs, values, and interests.

Main Results:

  • Autistic individuals demonstrate awareness of their needs, values, and interests, often resisting external influence.
  • This adherence to authentic preferences can be viewed as a form of authentic living.
  • Many autistic individuals face hindrances to autonomy due to external interference and paternalism.

Conclusions:

  • Autistic people possess capacities for self-reflection and self-determination.
  • External factors like unjustified interference and paternalism impede autistic autonomy.
  • A more nuanced understanding of autonomy in autism is needed, differentiating justified support from unwarranted control.