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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Growth of Gold Dendritic Nanoforests on Titanium Nitride-coated Silicon Substrates
Published on: June 3, 2019
Scaling growth rates for perovskite oxide virtual substrates on silicon
Jason Lapano1, Matthew Brahlek1,2, Lei Zhang3
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Abstract:
The availability of native substrates is a cornerstone in the development of microelectronic technologies relying on epitaxial films. If native substrates are not available, virtual substrates - crystalline buffer layers epitaxially grown on a structurally dissimilar substrate - offer a solution. Realizing commercially viable virtual substrates requires the growth of high-quality films at high growth rates for large-scale production. We report the stoichiometric growth of SrTiO3 exceeding 600 nm hr-1. This tenfold increase in growth rate compared to SrTiO3 grown on silicon by conventional methods is enabled by a self-regulated growth window accessible in hybrid molecular beam epitaxy. Overcoming the materials integration challenge for complex oxides on silicon using virtual substrates opens a path to develop new electronic devices in the More than Moore era and silicon integrated quantum computation hardware.
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