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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion
Published on: November 10, 2023
[Recent Developments in the Regional Treatment of Peritoneal and Pleural Tumours (incl. HIPEC and HITOC)]
Pompiliu Piso1, Hans Stefan Hofmann2
1Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder, Regensburg, Deutschland.
Abstract:
The multimodal treatment of limited peritoneal metastases may improve prognosis in selected patients (pseudomyxoma peritonei, malignant peritoneal mesothelioma, colorectal, gastric and ovarian cancer) provided complete cytoreduction can be performed. Additive intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is often performed. If the treatment is undertaken in experienced (and certified) centres, associated mortality is low. Intrapleural hyperthermic chemoperfusion (HITOC) can be performed in patients with pleural malignancies, mainly for malignant pleural mesothelioma or metastases from a thymoma. In single patients, pleural metastases from gastrointestinal malignancies might be an indication. Both therapies (HIPEC and HITOC) are complex and their exact role has to be defined within further prospective randomised trials.
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