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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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Cognitive function in aging cocaine smokers.

Thomas Chao1,2, Margaret Haney2, Ziva D Cooper2

  • 11 Department of Psychology, The New School for Social Research, New York, NY, USA.

Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
|June 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Aging cocaine smokers show largely preserved cognitive function compared to controls, with only minor deficits in verbal learning. This suggests that long-term cocaine use may not broadly impair cognition in older adults.

Keywords:
Cocaineagingcognitive functionneuropsychological function

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Limited understanding of cognitive status in older drug users.
  • Aging populations present unique public health challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Assess cognitive function in aging cocaine smokers.
  • Compare cognitive performance to demographically matched controls.

Main Methods:

  • 22 aging cocaine smokers (50-60 years) and 19 controls underwent cognitive testing.
  • Controls included users of cannabis, tobacco, and alcohol.
  • All participants abstained from drugs for 4 days prior to testing.

Main Results:

  • Cocaine users exhibited marginally worse verbal learning (one word fewer recall).
  • Cognitive function was otherwise comparable between cocaine users and controls.
  • Bayesian analysis confirmed adequate statistical power.

Conclusions:

  • Aging long-term cocaine users demonstrate generally intact cognitive function.
  • Marginal verbal learning deficits observed in cocaine users.
  • Further research on cognitive function in aging drug users is recommended.