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Accelerating Structural Degeneration in Temporal Regions and Their Effects on Cognition in Aging of MCI Patients

Xin Li1,2, Jianan Xia1,2, Chao Ma1,2,3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|June 7, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients show accelerated brain aging, with gray and white matter changes in temporal regions impacting memory and attention. These findings suggest potential imaging markers for early Alzheimer's disease detection.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Gerontology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Age is a primary risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
  • Limited understanding exists regarding simultaneous brain structural changes and cognitive impacts specific to MCI aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate MCI-specific age-related structural brain changes.
  • To explore the impact of these changes on cognitive functions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of brain imaging data from 269 subjects (97 MCI, 172 cognitively normal elderly).
  • Utilized voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics.
  • Examined age-related gray matter volume and white matter fractional anisotropy.

Main Results:

  • MCI patients exhibited accelerated age-related gray matter volume reduction in the left planum temporale, thalamus, and posterior cingulate gyrus.
  • Significant age×group interaction found in white matter integrity (fractional anisotropy) of the parahippocampal cingulum tract.
  • Age-related temporal gray and white matter alterations correlated more strongly with memory and attention deficits in MCI patients.

Conclusions:

  • Accelerated brain degeneration patterns in MCI suggest distinct neural mechanisms compared to normal aging.
  • Temporal structural degeneration may serve as an imaging biomarker for differentiating preclinical AD from normal aging.
Keywords:
brain aginggray mattermild cognitive impairmentparahippocampal cingulum

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