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Bridging the brain structure-brain function gap in prosodic speech processing in older adults.

Nathalie Giroud1, Matthias Keller2, Sarah Hirsiger3

  • 1Division of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, Psychological Institute, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, Cognition, Aging, and Psychophysiology Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults show heightened neural sensitivity to word stress and reduced cortical thickness in auditory regions. Brain structure differences correlate with speech cue processing, aiding potential hearing loss rehabilitation strategies.

Keywords:
AST hypothesisAgingAuditory atrophyCentral hearing lossCortical surface areaCortical thicknessDedifferentiationLateralizationMismatch negativityProsody perception

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Perception
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Age-related speech perception decline impacts social interaction and cognition.
  • Understanding neurostructural and neurophysiological changes is crucial for older adults' communication.
  • Auditory-related cortical thickness (CT) and cortical surface area (CSA) may be affected by aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in neurostructural factors (CT, CSA) and their relation to speech cue processing.
  • To compare neurophysiological sensitivity to prosodic speech cues between younger and older adults.
  • To explore how brain structure variations influence speech perception in aging.

Main Methods:

  • FreeSurfer used to extract CT and CSA in auditory regions from younger and older adults.
  • EEG recorded during discrimination tasks and a passive oddball paradigm to assess speech cue sensitivity.
  • Mismatch negativity (MMN) quantified to measure neurophysiological responses to word stress and fundamental frequency (F0).

Main Results:

  • Older adults exhibited higher neural sensitivity (larger MMN) to word stress than younger adults.
  • Reduced CT in auditory-related regions was observed in older adults compared to younger adults.
  • Within older adults, higher CT in the right supratemporal sulcus correlated with better F0 discrimination; higher left CSA associated with greater MMN to prosodic cues.

Conclusions:

  • Aging is associated with neurostructural changes in auditory areas impacting speech processing.
  • Older adults show increased reliance on prosodic cues, potentially compensating for other age-related auditory changes.
  • Findings support the development of targeted rehabilitation strategies for age-related central hearing loss.