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Greater gray matter volume in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (pFC) is linked to better interference control (IC) during working memory tasks. This association remains consistent across age groups and over time.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Effective control over goal-irrelevant information is crucial for cognitive tasks.
  • The prefrontal cortex (pFC) is primarily implicated in interference control (IC).
  • Individual differences in IC and the impact of aging on this relationship require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between gray matter (GM) volume in prefrontal regions and individual differences in interference control (IC).
  • To examine whether aging affects the association between prefrontal GM volume and IC.
  • To explore the link between IC, prefrontal GM volume, and performance in other cognitive domains.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cross-sectional and longitudinal data (4-5 year period).
  • Assessed relative IC scores using a 2-back working memory task.
  • Correlated IC scores and GM volumes with cognitive performance measures.

Main Results:

  • Superior IC was associated with larger ventrolateral pFC GM volume, irrespective of demographics, at baseline and follow-up.
  • Interference increased with age cross-sectionally, but did not change longitudinally.
  • IC scores correlated with fluid intelligence, and associations between IC and pFC volume were cross-sectional, without longitudinal change-change relationships.

Conclusions:

  • Gray matter volume in specific prefrontal regions is related to an individual's ability to control interference during working memory tasks.
  • This relationship between prefrontal GM volume and interference control is not modulated by age.
  • Findings support the role of prefrontal GM volume in resisting interference, contributing to cognitive performance.