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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

155.9K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
155.9K
Translation01:31

Translation

17.7K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
17.7K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

38.4K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
38.4K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.5K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.5K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

6.6K
6.6K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

14.1K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
14.1K

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Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
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Translational Metabolomics: Current Challenges and Future Opportunities.

Farhana R Pinu1, Seyed Ali Goldansaz2,3, Jacob Jaine4

  • 1The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. farhana.pinu@plantandfood.co.nz.

Metabolites
|June 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Metabolomics research offers significant breakthroughs in biomarker discovery and pathway characterization. However, challenges hinder the translation of these findings into clinical applications, requiring focused solutions for broader impact.

Keywords:
biomarkerclinical and industrial applicationmetabolite quantificationmulti-omicspersonalised medicine and nutrition

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Area of Science:

  • * Life Sciences
  • * Metabolomics

Background:

  • * Metabolomics is a rapidly advancing omics technology with broad applications in life sciences.
  • * Numerous studies have leveraged metabolomics for biomarker discovery, novel metabolite identification, and biological pathway elucidation.
  • * Despite its potential, translating metabolomics research into clinical tests and user-friendly applications faces significant hurdles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To summarize discussions on translational metabolomics from the Australian and New Zealand Metabolomics Conference (ANZMET 2018).
  • * To identify key challenges and propose solutions for advancing translational metabolomics.
  • * To explore strategies for expanding the clinical and industrial applications of metabolomics.

Main Methods:

  • * Position paper summarizing peer session discussions.
  • * Review of existing challenges in translational metabolomics.
  • * Perspective sharing on exploring full translational capabilities.

Main Results:

  • * Identified key areas and challenges in translational metabolomics.
  • * Proposed solutions and strategies for clinical and industrial expansion.
  • * Highlighted the need for further exploration of metabolomics' translational potential.

Conclusions:

  • * Translational metabolomics requires addressing specific challenges to realize its full clinical and industrial potential.
  • * Collaborative efforts and focused strategies are crucial for bridging the gap between research and application.
  • * Continued exploration is needed to fully harness the capabilities of metabolomics in various fields.