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Related Concept Videos

Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
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Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Complex Power01:14

Complex Power

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Power engineers have introduced the concept of complex power to determine the cumulative effect of parallel loads. This idea plays a crucial role in power analysis because it encompasses all the details related to the power consumed by a specific load.
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Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

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In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
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Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes
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The Complexity of PRC2 Subcomplexes.

Guido van Mierlo1, Gert Jan C Veenstra2, Michiel Vermeulen1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Oncode Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands.

Trends in Cell Biology
|June 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Substoichiometric subunits of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) unexpectedly regulate gene expression. These facultative subunits control PRC2

Keywords:
H3K27me3Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)embryonic developmentgene regulationmouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs)protein complex composition

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and developmental biology
  • Chromatin regulation
  • Gene expression control

Background:

  • Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is crucial for multicellular organism development.
  • PRC2 mediates histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) for developmental gene silencing.
  • Spatiotemporal control of gene expression relies on PRC2 recruitment and H3K27me3 propagation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the novel roles of substoichiometric PRC2 subunits.
  • To understand how these subunits regulate PRC2 catalytic activity and target gene binding.
  • To elucidate the impact of facultative PRC2 subunits on H3K27me3 propagation, chromatin structure, and cell fate.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent breakthrough studies on PRC2 subunit function.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms governing PRC2 activity and chromatin interactions.
  • Integration of findings on gene expression and cell fate determination.

Main Results:

  • Substoichiometric PRC2 subunits play critical, previously unrecognized roles.
  • These subunits modulate PRC2's catalytic output and locus specificity.
  • Regulation of H3K27me3 propagation by facultative subunits impacts chromatin and cell fate.

Conclusions:

  • Facultative PRC2 subunits are key regulators of epigenetic inheritance.
  • Understanding these subunits offers new insights into developmental gene control.
  • Targeting PRC2 subunit interactions may offer therapeutic strategies for developmental disorders.