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Related Concept Videos

Self-Presentation01:25

Self-Presentation

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Self-presentation is a fundamental aspect of social interaction, shaping both how others perceive individuals and how they view themselves. This dynamic process influences behaviors in various social settings, often leading people to adjust their appearance, speech, and demeanor to align with their desired identity. While self-presentation can be deliberate or unconscious, it plays a critical role in interpersonal relationships and self-perception.Forms of Self-PresentationSelf-presentation can...
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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
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Strategic self-presentation refers to individuals' intentional efforts to influence how others perceive them. This process is employed in various social and professional settings, such as job interviews, dating, politics, and legal contexts, where individuals seek to shape impressions to gain social or material advantages. While people generally present themselves in ways that align with their authentic characteristics, external factors, such as cognitive load, can hinder their ability to...
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Processes of Self-Presentation01:29

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Effective self-presentation is a central component of social interaction and identity construction. It relies on the dynamic processes of defining the situation and engaging in self-disclosure. These mechanisms help individuals navigate social context expectations and manage how others perceive them, fostering mutual understanding and relationship development.Defining the SituationSocial situations are shaped by collectively understood frames—a set of widely understood rules or...
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Sensory Modalities01:15

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Sensation typically is the process by which the sensory receptors and sense organs detect stimuli from the internal and external environment and transmit this information to the central nervous system for processing.
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Strategies of Self-Presentation II: Self-Verification01:17

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Self-verification is a fundamental psychological drive wherein individuals seek affirmation of their self-concept from others, striving for consistency between their internal self-view and external perceptions. This drive operates even when the self-concept is negative, influencing interpersonal behavior and feedback preferences in complex and often counterintuitive ways. Unlike the self-enhancement motive, which seeks positive evaluations, self-verification prioritizes coherence and...
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Stimuli, presentation modality, and load-specific brain activity patterns during n-back task.

Lucia Mencarelli1, Francesco Neri1, Davide Momi1

  • 1Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.

Human Brain Mapping
|June 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study mapped brain activity during working memory tasks. It found frontoparietal areas and other brain regions are consistently activated, offering insights for cognitive enhancement.

Keywords:
PETexecutive functionfMRIfunctional connectivityn-backquantitative meta-analysisworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) is vital for daily functioning and is impaired in various disorders.
  • Understanding WM's neural basis is key for developing cognitive training interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a quantitative meta-analysis of neural substrates supporting the n-back task for WM assessment.
  • To generate task-specific activation maps based on n-back difficulty using neuroimaging data.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative meta-analysis using the Activation Likelihood Estimate (ALE) statistical framework.
  • Analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) findings.
  • Examination of neural activations, deactivations, and functional connectivity during n-back tasks.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed consistent involvement of frontoparietal areas, subcortical structures, cerebellum, and precuneus across n-back tasks.
  • Provided specific activation maps for various stimuli types, presentation modalities, and WM loads.
  • Highlighted strong functional overlap between n-back task networks and the Dorsal Attention Network.

Conclusions:

  • The findings reinforce the neural network model of working memory.
  • Results provide a foundation for noninvasive brain stimulation and cognitive rehabilitation strategies.
  • This research advances understanding of WM deficits and potential interventions.