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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

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The Dental Pulp Stem/Progenitor Cells-Mediated Inflammatory-Regenerative Axis.

Karim M Fawzy El-Sayed1,2, Randa Elsalawy3, Nourhan Ibrahim3

  • 1Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews
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Summary

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are crucial for regenerative dentistry. This review explores how inflammation impacts DPSCs

Keywords:
inflammationpulpregenerationstem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Oral Biology

Background:

  • Dental pulp stem/progen(DPSCs) are vital for regenerative dentistry due to their accessibility and regenerative capabilities.
  • Inflammation, traditionally viewed as detrimental, plays a critical role in dentin-pulpal complex repair and regeneration.
  • DPSCs interact with the inflammatory microenvironment during tissue repair, influencing their behavior and regenerative outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the intricate interactions between DPSCs and their local inflammatory microenvironment.
  • To detail how inflammatory aspects influence DPSC stemness, homing, proliferation, differentiation, and immunomodulation.
  • To explore the underlying intracellular mechanisms, including canonical and noncanonical Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating DPSC interactions with inflammatory mediators.
  • Analysis of research on the effects of inflammation on DPSC characteristics.
  • Exploration of intracellular signaling pathways involved in DPSC responses to inflammation.

Main Results:

  • Inflammation significantly modulates DPSC stemness, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and immunomodulatory functions.
  • Specific inflammatory mediators within the pulpal microenvironment dictate DPSC behavior and therapeutic potential.
  • Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathways are implicated as key intracellular regulators of DPSC responses to inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the DPSC-inflammation interplay is crucial for optimizing dento-pulpal tissue regeneration strategies.
  • Targeting inflammatory pathways could enhance DPSC-based therapies for dental tissue repair.
  • The review highlights the complex regulatory network governing DPSCs in an inflammatory context, informing future regenerative approaches.