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Area of Science:

  • Marine microbiology
  • Phytoplankton physiology
  • Biogeochemical cycles

Background:

  • Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is essential for phytoplankton growth and community structure.
  • Haptophytes are significant phytoplankton, yet their vitamin B12 requirements and limitations are poorly understood.
  • Vitamin B12 dependency is lineage-specific, often linked to methionine synthase type.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate vitamin B12 auxotrophy in haptophytes.
  • To understand how haptophytes cope with vitamin B12 limitation at a molecular level.
  • To provide insights into haptophyte-B12 interactions and their ecological implications.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular data analysis of 19 haptophyte species to assess B12 dependency.
  • Growth assays (batch and chemostat) on the model haptophyte Tisochrysis lutea under varying B12 levels.
  • Cobalamin quantification and gene expression analyses to explore coping mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • All studied haptophytes likely encode a B12-dependent methionine synthase, suggesting universal B12 auxotrophy.
  • Tisochrysis lutea exhibits three strategies to cope with B12 limitation: assimilating methionine, regulating methionine cycle/B12 transport genes, and limiting mitochondrial B12 transport.
  • These findings reveal complex B12 metabolism and adaptation in haptophytes.

Conclusions:

  • Haptophytes are ubiquitously B12-dependent, influencing phytoplankton community dynamics.
  • Understanding haptophyte B12 strategies is key to deciphering microbial interactions in marine environments.
  • This study enhances knowledge of B12 cycling and its role in structuring phytoplankton communities.