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Sphingolipid biosynthesis modulates plasmodesmal ultrastructure and phloem unloading.

Dawei Yan1, Shri Ram Yadav2,3, Andrea Paterlini1

  • 1The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

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|June 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel gene, PHLOEM UNLOADING MODULATOR (PLM), regulates organic substance transport in plants. Its absence enhances symplastic transport by affecting plasmodesmal structure, revealing a role for sphingolipids in phloem unloading.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Cell biology

Background:

  • Phloem unloading is crucial for distributing organic substances to plant sinks like root meristems.
  • While initial unloading from sieve elements is understood, post-sieve element transport remains largely uncharacterized.
  • Understanding these later stages is key to optimizing nutrient allocation in plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel genes involved in post-sieve element phloem unloading.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms regulating plasmodesmal function during unloading.
  • To investigate the role of sphingolipid metabolism in controlling intercellular transport.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic analysis of a novel mutant exhibiting altered phloem unloading.
  • Microscopic examination of plasmodesmal structure and endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane tethers.
  • Biochemical analysis of sphingolipid biosynthesis pathways.

Main Results:

  • A novel gene, PHLOEM UNLOADING MODULATOR (PLM), was identified.
  • Absence of PLM enhances plasmodesmata-mediated symplastic transport at the pericycle-endodermis interface.
  • PLM deficiency disrupts endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane tether formation, leading to plasmodesmata lacking cytoplasmic sleeves.
  • PLM encodes an enzyme involved in very-long-chain fatty acid sphingolipid biosynthesis.

Conclusions:

  • Post-sieve element unloading is regulated by sphingolipid metabolism.
  • Sphingolipid metabolism influences plasmodesmal ultrastructure and function.
  • The study reveals a novel mechanism controlling intercellular transport and raises questions about plasmodesmata lacking cytoplasmic sleeves.