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Related Concept Videos

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain01:26

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain

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Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
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Respiration01:24

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Overview of the Respiratory System and Energy Production
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Cellular respiration is a fundamental metabolic process that enables organisms to generate energy from organic molecules. One of its central pathways is the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, which plays a crucial role in energy production and biosynthetic processes.Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoAThe pyruvate generated from glycolysis undergoes oxidative decarboxylation by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, producing acetyl-CoA, one molecule of NADH, and one...
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There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
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A linear circuit is characterized by its output having a direct proportionality to its input, adhering to the linearity property, which encompasses the principles of homogeneity (scaling) and additivity. Homogeneity dictates that when the input, also referred to as the excitation, is multiplied by a constant factor, the output, known as the response, is correspondingly scaled by the same constant factor. For instance, if the current is multiplied by a constant 'k,' the voltage likewise...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Time-Resolved, Dynamic Computed Tomography Angiography for Characterization of Aortic Endoleaks and Treatment Guidance via 2D-3D Fusion-Imaging
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Respiration resolved imaging with continuous stable state 2D acquisition using linear frequency SWEEP.

L H Jackson1, A N Price1, J Hutter1

  • 1Biomedical Engineering, School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|June 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Continuous radiofrequency (RF) shifting (SWEEP) creates stable magnetization for dense dynamic imaging. This novel technique improves acquisition efficiency and reduces motion artifacts in 4D imaging applications.

Keywords:
4DRFangiographyfetalfree-breathingplacentalsteady state

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Background:

  • Dynamic imaging requires densely sampled data.
  • Maintaining a stable signal state is crucial for reducing artifacts in MRI.
  • Conventional methods struggle with achieving steady-state magnetization in short repetition time (TR) 2D acquisitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate continuous radiofrequency (RF) shifting (SWEEP) for creating densely sampled data.
  • To assess SWEEP's ability to maintain a stable signal state during dynamic imaging.
  • To explore SWEEP's potential in fetal/placental imaging with respiration-resolved 4D volumes.

Main Methods:

  • A novel method involving sweeping a stable magnetization state across anatomy using linear frequency offsets in successive RF pulses.
  • Simulations and in vivo imaging were conducted to evaluate the impact of SWEEP on measured signals.
  • Application in free-breathing, respiration-resolved 4D fetal/placental imaging was explored.

Main Results:

  • The SWEEP method successfully maintained a stable signal state, reducing magnetization artifacts.
  • Simulations indicated SWEEP's slice profile effects were comparable to physiological motion artifacts in conventional methods.
  • Respiration-resolved 4D data acquired with SWEEP demonstrated reduced artifacts and resilience to motion.

Conclusions:

  • SWEEP enhances acquisition efficiency for densely sampled, short-TR 2D MRI sequences.
  • It overcomes the limitation of high RF pulse requirements for steady-state in conventional methods.
  • SWEEP establishes a preserved stable signal state between slices, improving dynamic imaging.