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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
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Area of Science:

  • Psychological measurement
  • Cross-cultural psychology
  • Personality assessment

Background:

  • The HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised (HEXACO-PI-R) is a widely used tool for assessing basic personality traits.
  • Numerous translations exist for cross-cultural research, but their measurement equivalence is unverified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a large-scale investigation into the measurement invariance of the HEXACO-PI-R across multiple languages.
  • To assess the comparability of the 6 HEXACO personality dimensions across different cultural contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multigroup exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on data from 30,484 participants across 16 languages.
  • Examined configural, metric, and scalar invariance of the 100-item HEXACO-PI-R version.

Main Results:

  • Found consistent support for configural and metric invariance, indicating comparable factor structures and meanings across languages.
  • Lacked overall support for scalar invariance (equivalence of facet intercepts).
  • Alignment analysis revealed heterogeneity in invariance levels across facets and factors.

Conclusions:

  • The HEXACO-PI-R demonstrates largely comparable measurement of personality dimensions across languages.
  • The absence of scalar invariance necessitates caution when interpreting mean-level personality differences between countries.